The 10-12 cm section at the end of the large intestine, just in front of the anus, is called the rectum. It is where stool is temporarily stored. When sufficient stool accumulation occurs, the rectum stretches, creating the sensation of defecation. The rectum consists of two parts: the upper and lower rectum. The lower part remains empty except during constipation.
Rectal cancer develops when polyps in this area transform into tumors. It is more common in men than women, especially men over 50, who are at the highest risk. However, the incidence increases after the age of 35. Genetic predisposition is important in rectal cancer. If someone in the family has had rectal cancer, the risk increases in other individuals.
Causes of Rectal Cancer
There are several risk factors for the development of rectal cancer, primarily genetic predisposition. These factors can be listed as follows:
- Being male
- Irregular and unhealthy diet (Especially excessive consumption of animal products and processed meat products)
- Sedentary lifestyle (Insufficient physical activity)
- Obesity (More common in overweight individuals)
- Smoking
- Genetic predisposition (If one family member has had rectal cancer, other family members are also at risk.)
Symptoms of Rectal Cancer
- Recurrent bowel irregularities such as constipation and diarrhea,
- Rectal bleeding (Blood in the stool),
- Decreased stool diameter,
- Difficulty defecating,
- Pain
Rectal Cancer Treatment
Rectal cancer can be treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Surgery may involve either complete removal of the rectum or removal of the cancerous area, depending on the stage and spread of the tumor. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy should be applied in combination.
