Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone. This most common condition is more prevalent in women, older adults, and those with a family history of hypothyroidism. The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be confused with other illnesses. Not all symptoms may be present in the patient, or their severity may vary. Therefore, early diagnosis through blood tests is crucial.
Hypothyroidism, which often leads to mental and physical fatigue, can also cause high cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease. Furthermore, if left untreated, it can lead to a life-threatening condition called myxedema coma. If it occurs during pregnancy, it can negatively affect the baby’s health and disrupt the child’s mental and physical development after birth. Hypothyroidism can be detected during routine post-natal tests.
If you have symptoms of hypothyroidism and suspect it, you should definitely get a blood test. If the test is positive, you should inform your immediate family members so they can also get tested. Individuals with a family history of hypothyroidism, pregnant women, and women over 60 should all be checked.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
- Physical fatigue
- Mental fatigue
- Inactivity
- Weight gain
- Constipation
- Menstrual irregularities
- Dry skin
Causes of Hypothyroidism
The most important cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This disease causes the immune system to damage the thyroid gland, preventing it from producing hormones. It can be congenital, or it can occur as a result of radioactive iodine and surgical procedures used in the treatment of other thyroid diseases.
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is treated with hormone medications. With the given medication, a laboratory-produced version of T4, which the thyroid gland naturally produces, is delivered to the body. Since thyroid hormone preparations are not all identical, it is necessary to continue with the medication from the same manufacturer. If a change of medication is necessary for any reason, a blood test for TSH should be performed. These medications, which must be used for life, cannot provide complete treatment if taken in insufficient amounts, and can cause bone loss and impaired heart function if taken in excessive amounts.
