An inguinal hernia is the condition where internal organs protrude under the skin through weak or open points in the abdominal wall. In abdominal hernias, the organs that protrude under the skin are usually the intestines. Hernias seen in the groin area are divided into 3 different names according to where they emerge. These are direct hernia, indirect hernia, and femoral hernia. (Figure A) To explain based on the figure below; hernias that emerge from the point above the groin wall (inguinal canal) are called indirect hernias, hernias that emerge from the point below are called femoral hernias, and hernias that emerge between the muscles are called direct hernias.
Symptoms of Inguinal Hernia
The most important symptom of an inguinal hernia is swelling in the groin. This swelling is both visible and palpable. It becomes more prominent when the person stands up. When lying down, it shrinks, or may even seem invisible. Similarly, it may enlarge when coughing or doing exercises that increase intra-abdominal pressure. These symptoms are sufficient for diagnosis. However, ultrasound is used for a definitive diagnosis. Sometimes, an MRI may also be necessary.
In some patients (especially in the early stages), swelling may not be visible. Instead, pain, tenderness, and a pulling sensation in the groin may occur. Some patients do not notice the hernia or do not take it seriously even if they do, and they present to us with a condition we call a strangulated hernia. The organ protruding from the weak area is trapped, gangrene and obstruction have occurred. This is an emergency situation; the patient must undergo emergency surgery. In a patient with this condition, additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, inability to pass gas, and inability to pass stool may be observed.
Causes of Inguinal Hernia (Who Gets It)
Inguinal hernias can occur through weak points, so there must be such a weak point in the person. These points can be congenital or acquired. It is true that a strain is necessary for a hernia to occur. However, not everyone who strains this area will develop a hernia. There must be a weakness. If a hernia occurred with every strain, everyone who engages in heavy sports like weightlifting would have this hernia.
Inguinal hernias can occur in everyone from newborns to the elderly. However, it is most common in men (If it occurs in 10 men, this number is 1 in women).
Inguinal Hernia Treatment
Inguinal hernia is a treatable disease. However, there is no non-surgical method. The only way is surgery. Current inguinal hernia surgery is performed with the mesh method. The goal is to cover the three areas where the hernia has the potential to recur. Once these areas are covered with a mesh, the possibility of the hernia recurring from any location is eliminated. The procedure can be performed under general, spinal, or local anesthesia. Both the surgery and the post-operative period are extremely comfortable. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Therefore, it should not be neglected.
