A fistula is the formation of an abnormal channel between the skin and the intestine. If a channel forms between the section of the intestine inside the anus and the skin, it is called an anal fistula, or medically, a perianal fistula.
Anal fistulas often occur due to a pre-existing abscess. An anal abscess is the accumulation of pus around the anus as a result of inflammation. Anal fistulas can originate from these abscesses, but they can also develop due to chronic bowel disease and radiotherapy.
Symptoms of Anal Fistula
- Dirty yellow discharge
- Pus
- Itching around the anus.
When constipation occurs along with a fistula, intermittent abscess attacks may be seen. If surgery is avoided and intermittent abscess attacks occur, new tunnels may form. This can complicate the disease. Patients with fistulas should be careful not to become constipated. For this, they should drink plenty of water and consume fiber-rich foods.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of a fistula is usually made by examination. The course of the disease around the anus, whether it is complicated or not, whether there is a chronic bowel disease, and how the surgery will be performed can be determined with the following diagnostic methods.
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Rectosigmoidoscopy / colonoscopy
- Fistulography
Treatment of Anal Fistula
The treatment of anal fistulas is done surgically. The aim of the surgery is to remove the fistula tract. All fistula tracts should be completely removed. While doing this, it is also necessary to eliminate the factor that increases the pressure in the last part of the anus so that the possibility of recurrence is eliminated. The fistula created will close within 3-4 weeks and return to its normal anatomical structure. Bloody discharge, oozing, or itching may occur in the anal area after surgery.
