Anal Fissure (Crack in the Anus)
Anal fissure, commonly known as an anal crack, is actually a short description of this disease. A crack-like wound at the anal opening causes severe pain, especially during and after defecation. Sometimes accompanied by bleeding, the cause of anal fissure is constipation. Tiny cracks form after difficult and hard bowel movements. These usually heal spontaneously and are called acute (early) anal fissures. Some cracks, however, may last longer. Sometimes they heal, sometimes they recur. These are called chronic anal fissures. Anal fissures can occur in anyone, regardless of gender, age, or whether they are young or old.
Causes of Anal Fissures
- Constipation
- Pregnancy
- Childbirth
The primary cause of anal fissures is constipation. Straining during defecation and hard stools can damage the anus to the point of tearing. Straining also occurs during childbirth, and cracks can form in the anus. Constipation complaints may increase during pregnancy and after childbirth. This also increases the risk of developing an anal fissure.
Symptoms
- Tearing sensation in the anus during bowel movements
- Severe pain
- Bleeding (May be small, sometimes none at all)
- Itching
- Discharge
Anal Fissure Treatment
If left untreated, anal fissures can recur for years. As a result, they can lead to narrowing of the anus. While the primary treatment is surgery, if the condition is early, it can be treated with non-surgical methods that can even be done at home, with a success rate of 80%.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Taking a warm sitz bath 2-3 times a day is beneficial. Massage with a cream recommended by the doctor can be applied. It is necessary to avoid constipation and consume plenty of fruits and vegetables. Medication may be given to relieve pain and soften the stool.
Surgery
The main treatment is surgery. With a surgical method called internal sphincterectomy, the inner sphincter muscle of the anus is cut and relaxed. This reduces pressure in the area. A very large percentage of patients (over 97%) recover after the procedure. It is mostly performed under local anesthesia. Sometimes general anesthesia may be used. The procedure takes between 20-30 minutes. It is not a surgery to worry about; it is quite simple and comfortable.
